The [[Exponential]] [[Function]] is define as the *unique* [[Real Numbers|real]] [[Function|function]] that maps $0$ to $1$, and has a [[Derivative]] everywhere equal to itself.
The exponential is denoted as $e^{x}$ or $\exp(x)$.
The defining two properties of the exponent for [[Real Numbers|Real Numbers]] and extended definitions are:
$\huge
\begin{align}
\deriv{ }x \pa{e^{x}} &= e^{x} \\
(e^{a} )(e^{b}) &= e^{{a+b}}
\end{align}
$
The [[Taylor Series]] for $e^{x}$ is the following:
$\huge e^{x} = 1 + x + \frac{x^{2}}{2!} + \frac{x^{3}}{3!} + \cdots $
Or more explicitly as this infinite sum:
$\huge
e^{x } = \sum^{\infty}_{n=0} \frac{x^{n}}{n!}
$
This taylor series is what it used to extend this function to more exotic inputs, such as the [[Complex Exponential]] or [[Matrix Exponential|Matrix Exponentials]]
### Original Definition regarding Natural Numbers
Exponentiation is a [[Binary Operation]] originally defined between two [[Natural Numbers]] $m$ and $n$ such that the exponential between them, denoted as $m^n$ is equal to the repeated multiplication of $m$, $n$ times.
$\huge m^{n} = \prod_{i=1}^{n} m = \underbrace{m \times m \times \cdots \times m}_{n \text{ times}} $
Although only being originally defined on real numbers, this definition is often extended to other domains. This is done typically by ensuring the following core principle:
$\huge a^{b} \cdot a^{c} = a^{b+c} $