Little $o$ notation is a form of [[Asymptotic Notation]] that describes a *strict upper bound* of growth of a given function $f$.
For a given function $f(x)$, we can denote that as $x\to \infty$ that the asymptotic behavior of $f$ will be *slower* than some other function $g(x)$ by denoting:
$\huge f(x) \in o(g(x)) $
More explicitly,
$\huge \begin{align}
f(x) \in o(g(x)) \implies
\lim_{ x \to \infty } \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} =0
\end{align}$